{"id":25156,"date":"2021-05-14T08:11:12","date_gmt":"2021-05-14T08:11:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/react2020.eu\/2021\/05\/14\/storail-fuinnimh-mar-phriomhchumasoir-o-thaobh-neamhspleachas-fuinnimh-na-noilean\/"},"modified":"2022-02-15T12:14:30","modified_gmt":"2022-02-15T12:14:30","slug":"storail-fuinnimh-mar-phriomhchumasoir-o-thaobh-neamhspleachas-fuinnimh-na-noilean","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/react2020.eu\/ga\/2021\/05\/14\/storail-fuinnimh-mar-phriomhchumasoir-o-thaobh-neamhspleachas-fuinnimh-na-noilean\/","title":{"rendered":"ST\u00d3R\u00c1IL FUINNIMH MAR PHR\u00cdOMHCHUMAS\u00d3IR \u00d3 THAOBH NEAMHSPL\u00c9ACHAS FUINNIMH NA NOILE\u00c1N"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

R\u00e9amhr\u00e1: An t-ard\u00fa ar \u00fas\u00e1id ceallra\u00ed st\u00f3r\u00e1la i gc\u00f3rais chumhachta<\/h2>\n\n

Roinnt blianta \u00f3 shin, bh\u00ed formh\u00f3r na gceallra\u00ed d\u00e9anta sa tsl\u00ed n\u00e1rbh fh\u00e9idir iad a athlucht\u00fa agus is r\u00f3l f\u00edorbheag a bh\u00ed ag ceallra\u00ed i saol an ghn\u00e1thdhuine: carrana faoi smacht raidi\u00f3, soilse camp\u00e1la, sc\u00e1la\u00ed cistine… C\u00e9 go bhfuil ceallra\u00ed luaidhe-aig\u00e9adacha at\u00e1 in ann athlucht\u00fa ann \u00f3 l\u00e1r an 19\u00fa haois, de bharr a ndl\u00fas \u00edseal fuinnimh (n\u00f3 me\u00e1chan trom in aghaidh an m\u00e9id st\u00f3r\u00e1la fuinnimh), bh\u00ed a r\u00e9ims\u00ed feidhme teoranta go traidisi\u00fanta. Go dt\u00ed 2000, bh\u00ed ceallra\u00ed luaidhe-aig\u00e9adacha chun tosaigh ar mhargadh na gceallra\u00ed, den chuid is m\u00f3 mar gheall ar a n-\u00fas\u00e1id go forleathan mar cheallra\u00ed i gcarranna, n\u00f3 a n-\u00fasaid i gc\u00f3rais sol\u00e1thair cumhachta iarg\u00falta (i.e., d\u2019aer\u00f3ga iarg\u00falta teileachumars\u00e1ide n\u00f3 feidhmeanna lasmuigh den eangach). Le blianta beaga anuas, t\u00e1 (r)\u00e9abhl\u00f3id theicni\u00fail dhochreidte tar \u00e9is tarl\u00fa \u00f3 thaobh na dteicneola\u00edochta\u00ed st\u00f3r\u00e1la fuinnimh, le m\u00e9ad\u00fa ollmh\u00f3r i ndl\u00fais chumhachta agus fuinnimh, saolr\u00e9 n\u00edos faide agus timthriallacht, agus \u00edoslaghd\u00fa saincheisteanna s\u00e1bh\u00e1ilteachta, agus d\u00e1 bharr seo r\u00e9itigh seo an bealach d\u2018fheidhmeanna \u00e9ags\u00fala nua.<\/p>\n\n

Sa l\u00e1 at\u00e1 inniu ann, sula bhf\u00e1gann siad an baile gach maidin, t\u00e1 s\u00e9 coitianta do gach duine an f\u00f3n p\u00f3ca, an t\u00e1ibl\u00e9ad, agus\/n\u00f3 an r\u00edomhaire gl\u00faine a sheice\u00e1il go bhfuil go leor cumhachta sa cheallra… agus go luath beidh s\u00e9 mar chuid den ghn\u00e1thn\u00f3s laeth\u00fail a sheice\u00e1il an bhfuil ceallra an chairr l\u00e1n freisin. D\u00e1 bhr\u00ed sin, is l\u00e9ir go bhfuil ceallra\u00ed ina spreagadh riachtanach don r\u00e9abhl\u00f3id eolais agus go mbeidh siad ina gcumas\u00f3ir t\u00e1bhachtach don aistri\u00fa pearsanta i dtreo modhanna taistil leictr\u00ed. Ar na c\u00faiseanna sin, a bronnadh Duais Nobel sa Cheimic (2019) ar na taighdeoir\u00ed a cheap na ch\u00e9ad cheallra\u00ed litiam-ion sna 1990\u00ed (J. Goodenough, M. Whittingham, A. Yoshino). <\/p>\n\n

Is beag duine gur eol d\u00f3ibh, \u00e1fach, go bhfuil r\u00f3l an-\u00e1bhartha ag c\u00f3rais st\u00f3r\u00e1la fuinnimh (ar mh\u00f3rsc\u00e1la) in\u00e1r gc\u00f3rais chumhachta leictrigh le deich mbliana anuas, agus gur phr\u00edomhghn\u00e9 iad na ceallra\u00ed chun an t-aistri\u00fa fuinnimh a chumas\u00fa, rud at\u00e1 riachtanach chun freastal ar sciartha arda d\u2019fhoins\u00ed fuinnimh in-athnuaite athraith\u00ed. C\u00e9 go bhfuil d\u00fashl\u00e1in rial\u00e1la agus dl\u00ed f\u00f3s le s\u00e1r\u00fa ag ceallra\u00ed agus teicneola\u00edochta\u00ed st\u00f3r\u00e1la fuinnimh eile chun iad a cgomhcheangal i strucht\u00far an ch\u00f3rais chumhachta thraidisi\u00fanta (gini\u00faint, iompar, tomhaltas) agus sna marga\u00ed at\u00e1 ann cheana f\u00e9in, t\u00e1 l\u00edon m\u00f3r c\u00f3ras ceallra\u00ed ar sc\u00e1la eanga\u00ed in \u00fas\u00e1id cheana f\u00e9in ar fud na hEorpa. Cuireann siad, i measc nithe eile, le cobhs\u00fa mhinic\u00edocht na heanga\u00ed (ag luach ainmni\u00fail 50 Hz) tr\u00ed bhearna\u00ed beaga a chothrom\u00fa idir an m\u00e9id gini\u00fana cumhachta agus an tomhaltas cumhachta.<\/p>\n\n

Cad iad na c\u00faiseanna a bheith i do ghinteoir\/tomhalt\u00f3ir ceallra\u00ed Pain\u00e9il F\u00f3tavoltach?<\/h2>\n\n

T\u00e1 foirgnimh l\u00e1rnach i mbeartais fuinnimh an AE, toisc gurb ionann iad agus beagnach 40% den \u00fas\u00e1id fuinnimh deiridh. D\u00e1 r\u00e9ir sin, \u00e9il\u00edonn an Treoir nua um Fheidhm\u00edocht Fuinnimh Foirgnimh (EPBD) ar an stoc t\u00f3g\u00e1la coinn\u00edoll \u201ccothroma\u00edocht fuinnimh beagnach ag n\u00e1id\u201d (nZEB) a bhaint amach, agus t\u00e1 s\u00e9 seo \u00e9igeantach do gach foirgneamh nua \u00f3 Nollaig 2020 ar aghaidh. N\u00edl aon amhras ach gurb \u00e9 PV an fhoinse in-athnuaite is ioma\u00edche don ghini\u00faint \u00e1iti\u00fail cumhachta leictreachais; agus is iad ceallra\u00ed an rogha is fearr chun na bearna\u00ed a l\u00edonadh idir cumhacht na gr\u00e9ine (le buaic gini\u00fana i l\u00e1r an lae) agus an gn\u00e1thtomhaltas aibhl\u00edse (at\u00e1 de ghn\u00e1th cos\u00fail le himl\u00edne camaill, is \u00e9 sin le buaic \u00fas\u00e1ide ar maidin agus tr\u00e1thn\u00f3na). <\/p>\n\n

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Fig 1: An Trilema Fuinnimh: Na tr\u00ed \u00e1bhair nach f\u00e9idir smaoineamh orthu go neamhsple\u00e1ch. \u00das\u00e1ideann an Chomhairle Fuinnimh Domhanda an t-inn\u00e9acs seo chun c\u00e1il\u00edocht n\u00f3 sl\u00e1inte ch\u00f3rais fuinnimh t\u00edre n\u00f3 r\u00e9igi\u00fain a mheas. Athchl\u00f3 agus picti\u00far curtha in eagar \u00f3n tuarasc\u00e1il\u201cWorld Energy Trilemma Index, World Energy Council, 2020\u201d.[1]<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n

Sa t\u00e1bla seo a leanas, d\u00e9anaimid iarracht l\u00e9iri\u00fa a thabhairt ar an m\u00e9id gur f\u00e9idir le glacadh c\u00f3rais st\u00f3r\u00e1la ceallra\u00ed i dtithe c\u00f3naithe cur le gach gn\u00e9 ar leith at\u00e1 molta ag an Trilemma Fuinnimh c\u00e1ili\u00fail (f\u00e9ach Figi\u00far a 1).[1]<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Sl\u00e1nd\u00e1il Fuinnimh – M\u00e9ad\u00fa ar shl\u00e1nd\u00e1il an tsol\u00e1thair chumhachta mar gheall ar uathriail fheabhsaithe, agus laghd\u00fa strus ar an ngreille \n<\/span><\/strong> \nDon chustaim\u00e9ir <\/strong><\/em> \nSl\u00e1nd\u00e1il Fuinnimh – M\u00e9ad\u00fa ar shl\u00e1nd\u00e1il an tsol\u00e1thair chumhachta mar gheall ar uathriail fheabhsaithe, agus laghd\u00fa strus ar an ngreille \nC\u00e9 go bhfuil an r\u00e1ta f\u00e9in-leordh\u00f3thanachta de theaghlaigh le PF-amh\u00e1in teoranta do thart ar 30-40%, is f\u00e9idir \u00e9 seo a mh\u00e9ad\u00fa go h\u00e9asca go dt\u00ed thart ar 60-70% tr\u00ed st\u00f3r\u00e1il ceallra\u00ed den mh\u00e9id cheart a ghlacadh. Thairis sin, is f\u00e9idir le c\u00f3rais st\u00f3r\u00e1la ceallra\u00ed feidhmi\u00falachta\u00ed sol\u00e1thar cumhachta gan bhriseadh (UPS) a shol\u00e1thar sa deireadh chun sol\u00e1thar cumhachta a choinne\u00e1il i gc\u00e1s go dteipeann an ghreille. \n \nDon ch\u00f3ras \/ socha\u00ed<\/strong><\/em> \nMar gheall ar a bhfreagairt thapa agus a gcumas ardchumhachta, t\u00e1 ceallra\u00ed ar cheann de na modhanna is fearr chun cobhsa\u00edocht a shol\u00e1thar don ch\u00f3ras cumhachta leictreachais. Mar sin is f\u00e9idir le ceallra\u00ed an t\u00e1imhe rothlach teacht in \u00e1it na gcomhluchta\u00ed m\u00f3ra gini\u00fana cumhachta a shol\u00e1thra\u00edonn \u00e9 seo go traidisi\u00fanta (e.g. fuinneamh a ghini\u00faint le guail). T\u00e1 an t\u00e1imhe seo riachtanach chun minic\u00edocht ghreille chobhsa\u00ed a choinne\u00e1il.<\/td><\/tr>
Cothromas Fuinnimh – Ceallra\u00ed mar chumas\u00f3ir chun c\u00f3rais chumhachta a dh\u00edl\u00e1r\u00fa a thuilleadh agus rannph\u00e1irt\u00edocht phoibl\u00ed fheabhsaithe (daonlathas fuinnimh) <\/strong> \n<\/span> \nDon chustaim\u00e9ir \n<\/strong><\/em> \n \nT\u00e1 me\u00e1nphraghas leictreachais an AE do thomhalt\u00f3ir\u00ed t\u00ed ag 21.3 ct \u20ac \/ kWh i 2020 [2]. T\u00e1 praghsanna ceallra\u00ed laghdaithe os cionn 85% \u00f3 2010, rud a chuir ar chumas teicneola\u00edochta\u00ed f\u00e9in-\u00eddithe (ceallra\u00ed + PF) a bheith ioma\u00edoch \u00f3 thaobh costais de. Anois, f\u00e9adann siad seo fuinneamh a thairiscint ar chostas n\u00edos saoire n\u00e1 sin \u00f3n eangach phoibl\u00ed (a bheith ar leibh\u00e9al leis an ngreille leictreachais). Cumasa\u00edonn f\u00e9in-\u00eddi\u00fa ag an am c\u00e9anna rannph\u00e1irt\u00edocht ard phr\u00edobh\u00e1ideach agus sc\u00e9imeanna fuinnimh pobail a fhorbairt rud a chur leis an aistri\u00fa fuinnimh at\u00e1 ar si\u00fal (agus a chuireann leis an daonlathas fuinnimh). \n \nDon ch\u00f3ras \/ socha\u00ed \n<\/strong><\/em> \nNuair a chuirtear ceallra\u00ed le suite\u00e1lacha PF, cinnt\u00edtear idirghn\u00edomha\u00edocht n\u00edos rian\u00fala leis an ngreille tr\u00ed laghd\u00fa a dh\u00e9anamh ar bhuaiceanna tomhaltais, chomh maith le laghd\u00fa ar na sp\u00edc\u00ed a bhaineann le fuinneamh iomarcach dreasachta (buaicscamadh) . F\u00e9adann s\u00e9 seo strus greille a laghd\u00fa, agus leathn\u00fa greille a sheachaint sa deireadh. D\u00e1 r\u00e9ir sin, is f\u00e9idir le ceallra\u00ed cur le laghd\u00fa forioml\u00e1n costas, tr\u00ed oibri\u00fa an ghreille a bharrfheabhs\u00fa, rochtain fuinnimh a \u00e9asc\u00fa do na daoine is leochail\u00ed sa phobal. Chomh maith leis sin, t\u00e1 ioma\u00edochas m\u00e9adaithe na dteicneola\u00edochta\u00ed sol\u00e1thair cumhachta f\u00e9in-\u00eddithe agus ard-leordh\u00f3thanachta \u00e1bhartha, go h\u00e1irithe do na r\u00e9igi\u00fain sin a bhfuil costais a bhaineann le gini\u00faint ardchumhachta n\u00f3 le hiompar fuinnimh, cos\u00fail le hoile\u00e1in n\u00f3 r\u00e9igi\u00fain iarg\u00falta tuaithe.<\/td><\/tr>
Inbhuanaitheacht Chomhshaoil – Cumasa\u00edonn ceallra\u00ed scaireanna RES n\u00edos airde<\/strong><\/strong><\/span> \n \nDon chustaim\u00e9ir<\/strong><\/em> \nM\u00e1 chuirtear c\u00f3ras ceallra\u00ed le foirgneamh pr\u00edobh\u00e1ideach n\u00f3 poibl\u00ed, is f\u00e9idir, i bhformh\u00f3r na dt\u00edortha Eorpacha, ag brath ar an measc\u00e1n fuinnimh [AZ2], me\u00e1n na n-asta\u00edochta\u00ed carb\u00f3in a laghd\u00fa go suntasach. T\u00e1 na hasta\u00edochta\u00ed a bhaineann le st\u00f3r\u00e1il ceallra\u00ed thart ar 50 g CO2eq in aghaidh an kWh den fhuinneamh a st\u00f3r\u00e1iltear, agus t\u00e1 na hasta\u00edochta\u00ed ag 30 g CO2eq \/ kWh \u00f3 fhuinneamh at\u00e1 \u00e1 ghini\u00faint \u00f3 PF. I gcompar\u00e1id leis sin, t\u00e1 astuithe de thart ar 100 g CO2eq \/ kWh ceangailte le fuinneamh \u00f3 fhoins\u00ed dramha\u00edola (bithmhais), agus fuinneamh \u00f3 gh\u00e1is n\u00f3 guail os cionn 250 g CO2eq \/ kWh agus 350 g CO2eq \/ kWh [3]<\/a>. \n \nDon ch\u00f3ras \/ socha\u00ed<\/strong><\/em> \nSol\u00e1thra\u00edonn c\u00f3rais st\u00f3r\u00e1la fuinnimh sol\u00fabthacht don ch\u00f3ras cumhachta leictreachais, mar is f\u00e9idir leo fuinneamh a aistri\u00fa ar feadh fuinneog ama \u00e1irithe chun sol\u00e1thar agus \u00e9ileamh a mheaitse\u00e1il agus a chothrom\u00fa. D\u00e1 bhr\u00ed sin, t\u00e1 teicneola\u00edochta\u00ed den s\u00f3rt sin ina gcomhph\u00e1irt f\u00edor-riachtanach do ghreill\u00ed nua-aimseartha le scaireanna arda d\u2019fhoins\u00ed inathnuaite, lena chinnti\u00fa go nd\u00e9antar an chumhacht a sol\u00e1thair agus \u00e9ilimh a mheaitse\u00e1il i gc\u00f3na\u00ed. T\u00e1 ceallra\u00ed ar cheann de na roghanna malartacha is fearr le haghaidh \u00e9 seo a dh\u00e9anamh (maidir le haistrithe fuinnimh \u00f3 mhilleasoicind\u00ed go laethanta), agus d\u2019fh\u00e9adfadh teicneola\u00edochta\u00ed eile, e.g. cumhacht-go-g\u00e1s, a bheith n\u00edos ioma\u00edche maidir le st\u00f3r\u00e1il s\u00e9as\u00farach m\u00e9ideanna m\u00f3ra fuinnimh.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n

Mar is f\u00e9idir a fheice\u00e1il, t\u00e1 tionchar dearfach ag c\u00f3rais st\u00f3r\u00e1la ceallra\u00ed in \u00e9ineacht le suite\u00e1lacha PF ag an gcustaim\u00e9ir ar gach gn\u00e9 ar leith de na stuaiceanna Trilemma.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e9n r\u00f3l at\u00e1 ag st\u00f3r\u00e1il ceallra\u00ed i dTogra REACT?<\/h2>\n\n

Is pr\u00edomhghn\u00e9 iad c\u00f3rais nu\u00e1lacha st\u00f3r\u00e1la ceallra\u00ed laistigh de thogra REACT de chuid Horizon2020 an AE, agus d\u00e1 bhr\u00ed sin t\u00e1 siad suite\u00e1ilte i bhformh\u00f3r na su\u00edomhanna l\u00e9irithe at\u00e1 i gceist: La Graciosa, sa Sp\u00e1inn; Inis M\u00f3r, \u00c9ire; agus San Pietro, an Iod\u00e1il. <\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1 an pr\u00edomhr\u00e9imse nu\u00e1la\u00edochta a ndearna REACT imscr\u00fad\u00fa air, maidir le teicneola\u00edochta\u00ed st\u00f3r\u00e1la ceallra\u00ed, ag brath ar chomhth\u00e1th\u00fa ceallra\u00ed laistigh d\u2019ard\u00e1n ICT (digiti\u00fa), a bheith ina gcro\u00ed-eilimint de na cumais freagartha \u00e9ilimh ins gach ceann de shu\u00edomhanna l\u00e9irithe REACT. <\/p>\n\n

A bhu\u00edochas leis na hiarrachta\u00ed a rinne \u00e1r bp\u00e1irtn\u00e9ir\u00ed, cuirfear na beala\u00ed cumars\u00e1ide agus na comh\u00e9adain riachtanacha i bhfeidhm a chuirfidh ar \u00e1r gcumas monat\u00f3ireacht a dh\u00e9anamh thar thr\u00e9imhse fhada agus a chead\u00f3idh rialaithe cliste chun anail\u00eds agus tionchar a imirt ar fheidhm\u00edocht na gceallra\u00ed ag gach ceanna de na su\u00edomhanna l\u00e9irithe. <\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1 comhth\u00e1th\u00fa na gc\u00f3ras ceallra\u00ed sa togra seo bunaithe ar an gcreat bainist\u00edochta fuinnimh foinse oscailte aitheanta OpenMUC [4], n\u00f3 ar APIs at\u00e1 ann cheana (m.sh., MIDAC API), agus sol\u00e1thr\u00f3idh s\u00e9 ard\u00e1n ICT le cumais rialaithe at\u00e1 chun cinn ar an gc\u00e9ad scoth le haghaidh gn\u00edomha\u00edochta comhordaithe na gc\u00f3ras st\u00f3r\u00e1la fuinnimh go l\u00e9ir.<\/p>\n\n

I gc\u00e1s gach ceann de na custaim\u00e9ir\u00ed, ceada\u00edonn an comhth\u00e1th\u00fa leis an ard\u00e1n na seirbh\u00eds\u00ed c\u00faltaca a shol\u00e1thra\u00edonn an t-ard\u00e1n a \u00fas\u00e1id, lena n-\u00e1ir\u00edtear, mar shampla aimsir, gini\u00faint fuinnimh, agus r\u00e9amhaisn\u00e9is\u00ed tomhaltais. Le r\u00e9amhaisn\u00e9is\u00ed den s\u00f3rt sin, is f\u00e9idir rial\u00fa na gceallra\u00ed a sceideal\u00fa chun an \u00fas\u00e1id is fearr a bhaint as na ceallra\u00ed. Mar shampla, i bhFigi\u00far a 2, is f\u00e9idir a thabhairt faoi deara gur f\u00e9idir an t-uasmh\u00e9id fuinnimh onnmhairi\u00fach\u00e1in (mar shampla) a laghd\u00fa go m\u00f3r, a bhu\u00edochas le r\u00e9amhaisn\u00e9is bheacht a \u00fas\u00e1id. <\/p>\n\n

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Fig a 2: Plota iarmh\u00e9id cumhachta do l\u00e1 i m\u00ed Meithimh i dteaghlach. Ar thaobh na l\u00e1imhe cl\u00e9, taispe\u00e1ntar na pr\u00f3if\u00edl\u00ed cumhachta gini\u00fana agus tomhaltais. Ar thaobh na l\u00e1imhe deise, taispe\u00e1ntar an t-iarmh\u00e9id glanchumhachta onnmhairi\u00fach\u00e1in (Ppv – Pload) mar thoradh air faoi dh\u00e1 strait\u00e9is rialaithe \u00e9ags\u00fala don cheallra\u00ed. Mar shampla, glacadh le 4.5 kWp de PV agus ceallra\u00ed 4.5 kWh.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n

Mar fho-iarmhairt, ceada\u00edonn comhioml\u00e1n\u00fa na s\u00f3cmhainn\u00ed ceallra\u00ed seo go l\u00e9ir laistigh d\u2019ard\u00e1n na gcomhluchta\u00ed seirbh\u00edse fuinnimh (ESCO) a oibr\u00edonn an bonneagar ICT, seirbh\u00eds\u00ed greille a shol\u00e1thar d\u2019oibreoir\u00ed c\u00f3rais d\u00e1ilte agus tarchurtha (m.sh., c\u00falchiste coime\u00e1dta minic\u00edochta), agus leis na bunt\u00e1ist\u00ed a bhaineann le f\u00e9in-thomhaltas agus sruthanna ioncaim breise a thairiscint do chustaim\u00e9ir\u00ed deiridh. <\/p>\n\n

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Fig. 3: Schematic of the ICT integration of household equipment to REACT platform[MBL1]<\/a> [MBL2]<\/a> . A communication gateway connected to the internet enables to exchange information between the assets and the cloud platform. This platform offers analytic and optimization services to all customers
 [MBL1]<\/a>Copyright
 [MBL2]<\/a>This is an image generated by Fraunhofer ISE<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

<\/p>\n\n

Ar deireadh, t\u00e1 s\u00e9 mar aidhm ag REACT compar\u00e1id a dh\u00e9anamh idir feidhm\u00edocht roinnt teicneola\u00edochta\u00ed, lena n-\u00e1ir\u00edtear litiam-ian, ard-aig\u00e9ad luaidhe, agus ian-s\u00f3idiam, mar aon le teicneola\u00edochta\u00ed st\u00f3r\u00e1la fuinnimh eile (cumhacht-go-g\u00e1s, le haghaidh st\u00f3r\u00e1la s\u00e9as\u00farach), chun sol\u00e1thar a dh\u00e9anamh ar phobail oile\u00e1in a bhfuil l\u00e9argas teicni\u00fail leordh\u00f3thanach acu ar na teicneola\u00edochta\u00ed st\u00f3r\u00e1la fuinnimh is fearr ba ch\u00f3ir a \u00fas\u00e1id a thuilleadh chun f\u00e9in-leordh\u00f3thanacht fuinni\u00fail na n-oile\u00e1n a fheabhs\u00fa ar bhealach \u00e9ifeachtach agus \u00e9ifeacht\u00fail. <\/p>\n\n

IARSCR\u00cdBHINN: f\u00edric\u00ed gasta maidir le c\u00f3ras ceallra\u00ed a ghlacadh <\/h2>\n\n

M\u00e1 chuaigh na harg\u00f3int\u00ed a cuireadh i l\u00e1thair i gcionn ort, agus gur mhaith leat smaoineamh a dh\u00e9anamh faoi ch\u00f3ras ceallra\u00ed a shuite\u00e1il (agus b\u2019fh\u00e9idir bheith p\u00e1irteach san ard\u00e1n REACT freisin?), rinneamar iarracht treoir bheag d\u2019fh\u00edric\u00ed gasta a bhaili\u00fa ba cheart a chur san \u00e1ireamh i dtosach.<\/p>\n\n

Cad iad na teicneola\u00edochta\u00ed ceallra\u00ed is coitianta? \n<\/span><\/strong> \nIs iad na teicneola\u00edochta\u00ed is coitianta le haghaidh st\u00f3r\u00e1la c\u00f3naithe fuinnimh san Eoraip n\u00e1 ian litiam (n\u00edos m\u00f3 n\u00e1 80% a suite\u00e1ladh le d\u00e9ana\u00ed), ceallra\u00ed aig\u00e9ad luaidhe, agus sreabhadh redox. T\u00e1 feabhas suntasach ag teacht ar cheallra\u00ed litiam-ian (lena n-\u00e1ir\u00edtear feidhm\u00edocht, s\u00e1bh\u00e1ilteacht agus \u00e9ifeacht\u00falacht costais) agus is d\u00f3cha gurb iad an rogha teicneola\u00edochta ceannasach do na deich mbliana amach romhainn. Mar sin f\u00e9in, t\u00e1 teicneola\u00edochta\u00ed nua eile le leictril\u00edt\u00ed uisce salann-bhunaithe (\u00e1bhair at\u00e1 n\u00edos neamhdh\u00edobh\u00e1la\u00ed don chomhshaol agus fl\u00fairseach ar domhan) ar f\u00e1il cheana f\u00e9in agus f\u00e9adann siad a bheith ina n-iomaitheoir\u00ed i dt\u00e9arma\u00ed feidhm\u00edochta agus costas go luath amach anseo.<\/td><\/tr>
Cad iad na pr\u00edomhph\u00e1irteanna?<\/strong> \n<\/span>Comhl\u00edontar c\u00f3ras st\u00f3r\u00e1la ceallra\u00ed go pr\u00edomha le pac\u00e1iste ceallra\u00ed (ina bhfuil na cealla leictriceimiceacha agus iad \u00e1balta athlucht\u00fa go pr\u00edomha) agus tiontaire cumhachta, lena n-\u00e1ir\u00edtear luchtaire ceallra\u00ed agus inbheart\u00f3ir, a ligeann do shruth d\u00edreach (DC) a athr\u00fa go sruth malartach (AC). I measc na bp\u00e1irteanna beaga eile, t\u00e1 fi\u00fasanna agus m\u00e9adair fuinnimh, mar aon le p\u00e1irteanna eile.<\/td><\/tr>
C\u00e9n nasc at\u00e1 ag an trealamh?<\/strong> \n<\/span>Is gn\u00e1ch go mb\u00edonn c\u00f3rais ceallra\u00ed ceangailte leis an bpr\u00edomh-lasc-chl\u00e1r leictreach \u00f3 fhoirgneamh, cos\u00fail le c\u00f3rais PF, agus n\u00ed m\u00f3r do theicneoir\u00ed c\u00e1ilithe iad a dh\u00e9anamh. Maidir le leagan amach an ch\u00f3rais (an nasc idir PF agus ceallra\u00ed), is iad na pr\u00edomhroghanna n\u00e1 (i) DC-ch\u00fapl\u00e1ilte, n\u00f3 (ii) AC-ch\u00fapl\u00e1ilte. Moltar leagan amach DC-ch\u00fapl\u00e1ilte i gc\u00e1s comhuaineach suite\u00e1il PF agus ceallra\u00ed, c\u00e9 gur fearr AC-ch\u00fapl\u00e1ilte le haghaidh suite\u00e1lacha c\u00f3rais ceallra\u00ed a dh\u00e9anann iarfheisti\u00fa n\u00f3 a chuirtear le c\u00f3rais PF at\u00e1 ann cheana. \n \n\"\"<\/td><\/tr>
Cad \u00e9 m\u00e9id ceart na gceallra\u00ed?<\/strong> \n<\/span>C\u00e9 go moltar meas\u00fan\u00fa gairmi\u00fail go m\u00f3r do gach c\u00e1s \u00fas\u00e1ide, toisc go mbraitheann an m\u00e9id ceart ar ch\u00f3rais ceallra\u00ed PF go m\u00f3r ar dh\u00e1la\u00ed r\u00e9igi\u00fanacha agus n\u00e1isi\u00fanta agus n\u00f3 ar ghn\u00e9ithe teicni\u00fala ar leith \u00f3 gach foirgneamh, is f\u00e9idir meastach\u00e1n m\u00e9ide a dh\u00e9anamh ar fh\u00e9in-\u00eddi\u00fa feabhsaithe: Ar dt\u00fas, is f\u00e9idir m\u00e9id an PF(kWp) a roghn\u00fa chun toradh leictreachais (t\u00e1irgeadh) a bhaint amach at\u00e1 cos\u00fail leis an tomhaltas fuinnimh in aghaidh na bliana, agus ar an gcaoi sin cothroma\u00edocht n\u00e1id-fhuinnimh a bhaint amach le hacmhainn PF den s\u00f3rt sin, agus st\u00f3r\u00e1il ceallra\u00ed a bhfuil an acmhainn ch\u00e9anna aige (kWh) leis an PF roghnaithe (thart ar 1 kWh in aghaidh an kWp) – is slat tomhais maith \u00e9 sin le haghaidh an m\u00e9id ceart a roghn\u00fa .<\/td><\/tr>
Cad \u00e9 toirt an ch\u00f3rais ceallra\u00ed?<\/strong> \n<\/span>De ghn\u00e1th b\u00edonn toirt ag c\u00f3rais cheallra\u00ed i dtithe c\u00f3naithe nach bhfuil n\u00edos m\u00f3 n\u00e1 m\u00e9id miasniteoir (n\u00f3 n\u00edos l\u00fa), agus is f\u00e9idir \u00e9 a chur ar an talamh (laistigh, de ghn\u00e1th) n\u00f3 a chrochadh ar an mballa.<\/td><\/tr>
C\u00e9 mh\u00e9id a chosn\u00f3idh s\u00e9?<\/strong> \n<\/span>In 2020, agus ag brath ar an teicneola\u00edocht agus an m\u00e9id, is f\u00e9idir costas cr\u00edochn\u00fail de thart ar 1000 \u20ac \/ kWh a bhaint amach do ghn\u00e1thch\u00f3ras st\u00f3r\u00e1la c\u00f3naithe le toilleadh idir 5 go 10 kWh.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n
\n\n

[1] https:\/\/www.worldenergy.org\/assets\/downloads\/World_Energy_Trilemma_Index_2020_-_REPORT.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n

[2] https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/images\/2\/2d\/Development_of_electricity_prices_for_household_consumers%2C_EU-27%2C_2008-2020_%28EUR_per_kWh%29_v4.png<\/a><\/p>\n\n

[3] Associated emission factors according to the latest values published by the Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy initiative (CoM). https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/jrc\/en\/publication\/covenant-mayors-climate-and-energy-default-emission-factors-local-emission-inventories-version-2017<\/a><\/p>\n\n

[4] www.openmuc.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Lluis \u00a0Millet Biosca<\/strong> (FHG ISE<\/a>)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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